human
Here it will output before you run it given the following:
I am working on the file "PythonQnA_2_scoping.ipynb".
The first task is:
This error is very common case case in Jupyter Notebooks and hence it's important to understand. Quite often when you restart your notebook and run a cell in the middle of the notebook, you'll see a similar type of error whose name is not definied. That happens because when you restart your notebook, it's context is reset.
and if you don't have the variable defined in the same cell, the variable does not exist in the scope of the notebook. All the cells have the same scope, but the way variables are populated is determined by the running order of notebook cells.
Exercise. A terrific tool for visualizing the concept of scopes is Phil Guo's Python Tutor. Visit that website and click on the "Start visualizing your code now" link. Enter any of the above programs into the code box you see, and then do a line-by-line execution to see how variables are created and come to exist in different scopes.
Then try visualizing this program. See if you can predict what it will output before you run it.
Can you write Python program for it?
assistant
#Here it will output before you run it.

x = 1

def foo(x):
    # Q: Can you use `global x` at this part of the program?
    def bar(y):
        global x
        print("bar: x == {}, y == {}".format(x, y))
        
    print("foo: x == {}".format(x))
    x -= 3
    bar(2*x)
    
print("x == {}".format(x))
foo(5)
print("x == {}".format(x))