human
Cengiz recently learned Fibonacci numbers and now he is studying different algorithms to find them. After getting bored of reading them, he came with his own new type of numbers that he named XORinacci numbers. He defined them as follows: 

  * f(0) = a.

  * f(1) = b.

  * f(n) = f(n-1) ⊕ f(n-2) when n > 1, where ⊕ denotes the [bitwise XOR operation](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitwise_operation#XOR). 


You are given three integers a, b, and n, calculate f(n).

You have to answer for T independent test cases.

Input

The input contains one or more independent test cases.

The first line of input contains a single integer T (1 ≤ T ≤ 10^3), the number of test cases.

Each of the T following lines contains three space-separated integers a, b, and n (0 ≤ a, b, n ≤ 10^9) respectively.

Output

For each test case, output f(n).

Example

Input

3
3 4 2
4 5 0
325 265 1231232

Output

7
4
76

Note

In the first example, f(2) = f(0) ⊕ f(1) = 3 ⊕ 4 = 7.
Using python3 can you solve the prior task?
assistant
#Here is Python code to find them.

"""
Author    : co_devil Chirag Garg
Institute : JIIT
"""
from __future__ import division, print_function
from sys import stdin, stdout
import itertools, os, sys, threading
from collections import deque, Counter, OrderedDict, defaultdict
import heapq
from math import ceil, floor, log, sqrt, factorial, pow, pi, gcd
# from bisect import bisect_left,bisect_right
# from decimal import *,threading
from fractions import Fraction

"""from io import BytesIO, IOBase
if sys.version_info[0] < 3:
    from __builtin__ import xrange as range
    from future_builtins import ascii, filter, hex, map, oct, zip
else:
    from builtins import str as __str__
    str = lambda x=b'': x if type(x) is bytes else __str__(x).encode()
BUFSIZE = 8192
class FastIO(IOBase):
    newlines = 0
    def __init__(self, file):
        self._buffer = BytesIO()
        self._fd = file.fileno()
        self._writable = 'x' in file.mode or 'r' not in file.mode
        self.write = self._buffer.write if self._writable else None

    def read(self):
        return self._buffer.read() if self._buffer.tell() else os.read(self._fd, os.fstat(self._fd).st_size)

    def readline(self):
        while self.newlines == 0:
            b, ptr = os.read(self._fd, max(os.fstat(self._fd).st_size, BUFSIZE)), self._buffer.tell()
            self._buffer.seek(0, 2), self._buffer.write(b), self._buffer.seek(ptr)
            self.newlines += b.count(b'\n') + (not b)
        self.newlines -= 1
        return self._buffer.readline()

    def flush(self):
        if self._writable:
            os.write(self._fd, self._buffer.getvalue())
            self._buffer.truncate(0), self._buffer.seek(0)
sys.stdin, sys.stdout = FastIO(sys.stdin), FastIO(sys.stdout)
input = lambda: sys.stdin.readline().rstrip(b'\r\n')

def print(*args, **kwargs):
    sep, file = kwargs.pop('sep', b' '), kwargs.pop('file', sys.stdout)
    at_start = True
    for x in args:
        if not at_start:
            file.write(sep)
        file.write(str(x))
        at_start = False
   ...