human
XOR of all the elements in the given range [ L , R ] | Function to return the most significant bit.
Function to return the required XOR.
Finding the MSB.
Value of the current bit to be added.
To store the final answer.
Loop for case 1.
Edge case when both the integers lie in the same segment of continuous 1 s.
To store whether parity of count is odd.
Updating the answer if parity is odd.
Updating the number to be added.
Case 2.
Driver code.
Final answer"
Solution in Python:

=====
Can you provide a code to xOR of all the elements in the given range [ L , R ] and the other steps required?
assistant
#Here is code to xOR of all the elements in the given range [ L , R ] and the other steps required.
 def msb ( x ) :
	ret = 0
	while ( ( x >> ( ret + 1 ) ) != 0 ) :
		ret = ret + 1
	return ret
def xorRange ( l , r ) :
	max_bit = msb ( r )
	mul = 2
	ans = 0
	for i in range ( 1 , max_bit + 1 ) :
		if ( ( l // mul ) * mul == ( r // mul ) * mul ) :
			if ( ( ( ( l & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) and ( r - l + 1 ) % 2 == 1 ) ) :
				ans = ans + mul
			mul = mul * 2
			continue
		odd_c = 0
		if ( ( ( l & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) and l % 2 == 1 ) :
			odd_c = ( odd_c ^ 1 )
		if ( ( ( r & ( 1 << i ) ) != 0 ) and r % 2 == 0 ) :
			odd_c = ( odd_c ^ 1 )
		if ( odd_c ) :
			ans = ans + mul
		mul = mul * 2
	zero_bit_cnt = ( r - l + 1 ) // 2
	if ( ( l % 2 == 1 ) and ( r % 2 == 1 ) ) :
		zero_bit_cnt = zero_bit_cnt + 1
	if ( zero_bit_cnt % 2 == 1 ) :
		ans = ans + 1
	return ans
l = 1
r = 4
print ( xorRange ( l , r ) )